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Emotional problems and urinary incontinence in children from a UK cohort

Carol Joinson1, Mariusz T Grzeda2, Jon Heron1

  • 1Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|April 5, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Urinary incontinence (UI) in children is linked to worsening emotional problems over time. Increased emotional difficulties also predict a higher risk of developing UI later. Emotional health should be assessed in children undergoing incontinence treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric health
  • Child psychology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) is frequently associated with emotional difficulties in children.
  • This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between UI and emotional problems over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if UI predicts changes in emotional problems.
  • To assess if changes in emotional problems predict subsequent UI risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 8188 children (aged 6.75-9 years) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
  • Employed a latent difference score model to analyze UI and emotional problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) at multiple time points.
  • Examined UI at 7.5 years in relation to emotional problem changes from 6.75-9.5 years, and vice versa for UI at 9.5 years.

Main Results:

  • UI at 7.5 years correlated with increased emotional problems over time, particularly in children with both bedwetting and daytime wetting.
  • Changes in emotional problems between 6.75 and 9.5 years were significantly associated with the probability of UI at 9.5 years.
  • Findings remained consistent after accounting for potential confounding factors.

Conclusions:

  • Children with UI exhibit a progression of emotional problems.
  • Emotional problem fluctuations are linked to the development of subsequent UI.
  • Routine evaluation of emotional well-being is recommended for children receiving incontinence care.
Abstract

Keywords:
ALSPACChildrenCohort studyDaytime wettingEmotional problemsEnuresisUrinary incontinence

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