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Recommended nutrition for preterm infants-on track, but more research is needed

William W Hay1

  • 1Professor (Pediatrics, Neonatology), Retired, University of Colorado, 401 Hudson Street, Denver, CO, 80220, USA. bill.hay@ucdenver.edu.

Pediatric Research
|April 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Optimizing nutrition for extremely preterm infants using early parenteral and enteral feeding supports typical brain development and cognition. Following feeding guidelines leads to better nutritional outcomes for these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Extremely to very preterm infants require specialized nutritional support to optimize growth and development.
  • Early nutritional interventions, including parenteral and enteral feeding, are critical for preterm infant outcomes.
  • Current feeding guidelines aim to provide adequate macronutrients for preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed recommended macronutrient intakes.
  • To assess brain size and morphology at term gestational age and cognition at 2 years of age.
  • To determine the impact of early parenteral nutrition and advanced enteral feeding on preterm infant development.

Main Methods:

  • Infants were fed supplemented maternal and donor milk.
  • Early parenteral nutrition was initiated.
  • Enteral feeding was advanced early and rapidly.

Main Results:

  • Preterm infants achieved relatively common brain size and morphology at term gestational age.
  • Cognitive outcomes at 2 years of age were comparable.
  • The feeding approaches successfully met recommended macronutrient intakes.

Conclusions:

  • Recommended macronutrient intakes via early parenteral and enteral feeding result in favorable brain development and cognition in preterm infants.
  • Adherence to rational feeding guidelines improves nutritional outcomes in preterm infants.
  • Further research is needed to optimize intravenous products and feeding strategies for long-term outcomes.

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