Progress of Grain Polyphenols: Biological Activities, Enrichment Methods, and Applications

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites derived from plant metabolism and possess diverse bioactivities and health-promoting functions. They are extensively utilized in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and more. Recently, with the increasing focus on healthy diets, grain polyphenols have been the subject of extensive research. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the diverse biological functions of polyphenols, which can be accomplished through the modulation of enzyme activities, signaling pathways, metabolic pathways, and the influence of membrane structure. With regard to polyphenol extraction, the review highlights novel and efficient extraction techniques. Additionally, it explores the enrichment of polyphenols through microbial action and metabolism. Finally, it offers a summary of the current status and future development potential of grain polyphenols in food and non-food fields of application. This review provides a theoretical basis for future research on grain polyphenols and a reference point for their industrialization.