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MAX Phase Purity Contingent Interlayer Spacing Regulated Ti3C2-F MXene Electrodes for Efficient Energy Storage

Ekta Choudhary1,2, Manopriya Samtham1, Rishav Sharma1

  • 1Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.

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Higher purity MAX phase leads to improved MXene quality and electrochemical performance. This research demonstrates that increasing MAX phase purity significantly enhances MXene interlayer spacing and energy storage capabilities.

Keywords:
CB@Ti3C2‐FTi3C2‐F MXeneaccordion‐like layered morphologyenergy and power densitysymmetric battery‐type supercapacitor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Impurity-induced defects in MAX phases negatively impact derived MXene quality.
  • These defects disrupt ion transport pathways and hinder electrochemical performance.
  • MAX phase purity is a critical factor influencing MXene properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the effect of MAX phase purity on MXene quality.
  • To understand how impurity-induced defects influence MXene's electrochemical performance.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing MXene-based energy storage systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of MAX phases with varying purity levels.
  • Derivation of MXenes from MAX phases and analysis of structural properties.
  • Electrochemical testing including galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry.
  • Fabrication and evaluation of symmetric battery-type supercapacitor devices.

Main Results:

  • Increased MAX phase purity from 47% to 99% led to expanded MXene interlayer spacing.
  • Specific capacitance of MXene improved significantly with higher MAX phase purity (121.86 to 680.8 F g⁻¹).
  • Incorporation of carbon black (CB) further enhanced specific capacitance to 918.5 F g⁻¹.
  • Supercapacitor device demonstrated high specific capacity (76.54 mAh g⁻¹), energy density (55.58 Wh kg⁻¹), and power density (1500.27 kW kg⁻¹).
  • Device exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 94% capacitance after 5000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • MAX phase purity is crucial for controlling MXene interlayer spacing and electrochemical performance.
  • High-purity MAX phases are essential for developing advanced MXene-based energy storage devices.
  • This work provides a pathway for designing high-performance hybrid energy storage systems through precise control of precursor material quality.