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A Novel 3D Printed Multi-Material Simulator for Endoscopic Stapes Surgery: The "3D Stapes Trainer"
Giulia Molinari1,2, Nicolas Emiliani3, Laura Cercenelli3
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
The Laryngoscope
|April 7, 2025
Summary
A novel 3D-printed simulator for endoscopic stapes surgery (SS) was developed and validated. This patient-specific model offers valuable training for surgeons, enhancing visuomotor skills and confidence in this complex procedure.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Surgical Simulation
- 3D Printing Technology
Background:
- Endoscopic stapes surgery (SS) is technically demanding.
- A lack of reliable training platforms for SS exists.
- Patient-specific simulators can enhance surgical training.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a 3D-printed, patient-specific simulator for endoscopic stapes surgery.
- To provide a realistic training platform for the external and middle ear affected by stapes fixation.
- To address the need for improved training in a challenging surgical procedure.
Main Methods:
- A 3D model was created from patient CT scan data.
- The simulator was produced using material jetting 3D printing.
- Eight participants performed simulated SS, evaluated with Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) and feedback questionnaires.
Main Results:
- Seven of eight participants successfully completed the simulated SS (mean time: 24 min).
- 75% of participants achieved acceptable OSATS scores (>20).
- Positive feedback on tactile feedback for stapes fixation; chorda tympani fragility noted. Simulator valued for visuomotor coordination.
Conclusions:
- The 3D Stapes Trainer is a promising platform for endoscopic SS training.
- The simulator provides a high-fidelity training experience for developing surgical skills.
- It offers a valuable tool for young surgeons to gain confidence in endoscopic SS procedures.
