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Controlling Oligopolyposis With Colonoscopy: A Cohort Study
1Global Center for Integrated Colorectal Surgery and IBD Interventional Endoscopy, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
Background:
Oligopolyposis is defined as between 10 and 100 polyps in the large intestine. If the polyps are adenomas, at least 15% of affected patients will have a syndrome of hereditary colorectal cancer predisposition. Management is aimed at preventing the development of cancer, and options include chemoprevention, colectomy, and colonoscopy, with colectomy generally favored. The role of colonoscopy is relatively unexplored.
Objective:
To present the results of colonoscopic control of patients with oligopolyposis.
Design:
Retrospective study of a cohort of patients with oligopolyposis separated by genotype and histology.
Settings:
Hereditary colorectal cancer center.
Patients:
Those with oligopolyposis preferring management with sequential colonoscopy to colectomy and who underwent at least 3 years of follow-up were included.
Interventions:
Colonoscopy, polypectomy, and surgical resection.
Main Outcome Measures:
Number of colonoscopies, complications of colonoscopies, length of follow-up, number of polyps at first and last colonoscopy, size of the largest polyp at first and last colonoscopy, incidence and stage of cancer, and timing of the cancer diagnosis.
Results:
There were 59 patients: 29 with sessile serrated polyposis, 13 with MUTYH -associated polyposis, 8 with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis, and 9 with oligopolyposis not otherwise specified. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were 20 years younger than those in the other groups. Patients averaged 1 colonoscopy per year for a mean follow-up between 5 and 11 years. One patient had a post-polypectomy hemorrhage, but there was no perforation and no admission. No patient needed surgery to control benign polyposis. Nine patients had cancer, 6 diagnosed and resected before the start of the colonoscopic surveillance. Three patients with sessile serrated polyposis developed interval cancers while on surveillance, all stage 1. These 3 patients were the only ones who needed colectomy.
Limitations:
Relatively low numbers of familial adenomatous polyposis and oligopolyposis patients. Lack of specific data on variants.
Conclusions:
In compliant patients and experienced hands, endoscopic control of oligopolyposis can be safe and effective. See Video Abstract .
Controlando La Oligopoliposis Mediante Colonoscopia Un Estudio De Cohorte:
ANTECEDENTES:La oligopoliposis se define como la presencia de entre 10 y 100 pólipos en el intestino grueso. En el caso que se trataran de adenomas, al menos el 15% de los pacientes afectados presentará una predisposición al síndrome hereditario de cáncer colorrectal. El tratamiento se centra en prevenir el desarrollo del cáncer y las opciones incluyen quimioprevención, colectomía y colonoscopia, siendo la colectomía la que generalmente se prefiere. El papel de la colonoscopia es relativamente inexplorado.OBJETIVO:Presentar los resultados del control colonoscópico de pacientes con oligopoliposis.DISEÑO:Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes con oligopoliposis, separados por genotipo e histología.ESCENARIO:Centro de cáncer colorrectal hereditario.PACIENTES:Pacientes con oligopoliposis que prefirieron el tratamiento con colonoscopia secuencial a la colectomía, y que se sometieron a al menos tres años de seguimiento.INTERVENCIONES:Colonoscopia y polipectomía, resección quirúrgica.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADOS:Número de colonoscopias, complicaciones de las colonoscopias, duración del seguimiento, número de pólipos en la primera y última colonoscopia, tamaño del pólipo más grande en la primera y última colonoscopia, incidencia y estadio del cáncer, y momento del diagnóstico.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron 59 pacientes: 29 con poliposis serrada sésil, 13 con poliposis asociada a MUTYH, 8 con poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) atenuada y 9 con oligopoliposis no especificada. Los pacientes con PAF eran 20 años más jóvenes que los demás grupos. Los pacientes promediaron una colonoscopia al año durante una media de seguimiento de entre 5 y 11 años. Un paciente sufrió una hemorragia pospolipectomía, pero no se produjo ninguna perforación ni ingreso hospitalario. Ningún paciente requirió cirugía para controlar la poliposis benigna. Nueve pacientes presentaron cáncer, 6 de ellos diagnosticados y resecados antes del inicio de la vigilancia colonoscópica. Tres pacientes con poliposis serrada sésil desarrollaron cánceres de intervalo durante la vigilancia, todos en estadio 1. Estos fueron los únicos pacientes que necesitaron colectomía.LIMITACIONES:Número relativamente bajo de pacientes con PAF y oligopoliposis. Falta de datos específicos sobre variantes.CONCLUSIONES:En pacientes cumplidores y con experiencia, el control endoscópico de la oligopoliposis puede ser seguro y eficaz. (Traducción-Dr Osvaldo Gauto ).
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