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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals
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Genetic Conservation and Population Management of Non-Human Primates: Parentage Determination Using Seven

Natasja G de Groot1, Annemiek J M de Vos-Rouweler1, Corrine M C Heijmans1

  • 1Comparative Genetics and Refinement Biomedical Primate Research Centre Rijswijk GJ the Netherlands.

Ecology and Evolution
|April 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing new genetic tools, these microsatellite multiplexes enable reliable parentage analysis for threatened primate species. This aids conservation efforts by monitoring genetic diversity and inbreeding in captive and wild populations.

Keywords:
NHPOld World monkeyapesmolecular geneticsnon‐invasiveparentage

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Area of Science:

  • Primate genetics and conservation
  • Molecular ecology and population management

Background:

  • Over 350 of 520 primate species are threatened, necessitating effective conservation strategies.
  • Monitoring genetic diversity is crucial for understanding inbreeding and managing primate populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate microsatellite-based multiplexes for parentage analysis in macaques.
  • To assess the utility of these markers for broader applications in primate conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed seven multiplexes with 23 short tandem repeat (STR) markers across 15 chromosomes.
  • Validated markers using DNA from 2217 Indian rhesus and 759 long-tailed macaques.
  • Assessed marker informativeness using polymorphic information content (PIC) values.

Main Results:

  • The developed STR markers are highly polymorphic and informative (PIC > 0.5) for parentage determination.
  • Multiplexes successfully confirmed parentage in macaque breeding groups.
  • Markers demonstrated suitability for apes and other Old World monkeys, using both invasive and non-invasive DNA sources.

Conclusions:

  • Seven validated multiplexes provide reliable parentage analysis for macaques, apes, and Old World monkeys.
  • These tools support captive population management and monitoring of free-ranging primates using non-invasive methods.