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The Impact of Music Therapy on Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Anesthesia: A Systematic Review
Haowen Li1, Menghua Cheng2, Shuying Jiang3
1Department of Anesthesiology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.
Insights
Music therapy significantly reduces preoperative anxiety in children undergoing anesthesia. This nonpharmacological intervention offers a valuable tool for improving the pediatric perioperative experience and recovery.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pediatric Psychology
- Evidence-Based Medicine
Background:
- Preoperative anxiety is a significant issue in pediatric anesthesia, negatively impacting surgical outcomes and recovery.
- Nonpharmacological interventions are sought to manage this anxiety effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of music therapy in reducing preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on music therapy for pediatric preoperative anxiety.
- Data synthesis using a random-effects model, including sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessment.
Main Results:
- Included 7 studies with 440 pediatric participants.
- Music therapy showed a statistically significant moderate reduction in anxiety (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.15).
- Results were robust, with no substantial publication bias detected.
Conclusions:
- Music therapy is an effective nonpharmacological strategy for managing preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients.
- It serves as a valuable tool for enhancing the perioperative experience and potentially improving recovery outcomes.
Purpose:
Preoperative anxiety remains a critical concern in pediatric anesthesia, often worsening surgical outcomes and complicating postoperative recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether music therapy, as a nonpharmacological intervention, effectively reduces preoperative anxiety in children undergoing anesthesia.
Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods:
Studies examining the impact of music therapy on preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients were systematically identified, screened, and selected for inclusion. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using a random-effects model to assess the pooled effect size, with sensitivity analyses performed to verify result stability. Publication bias across the included studies was also investigated to ensure reliability of the findings.
Findings:
The analysis included 7 studies comprising a total of 440 pediatric participants. Findings indicated that music therapy led to a statistically significant reduction in anxiety levels, yielding a moderate effect size (standardized mean difference = -0.48; 95% confidence interval, -0.81 to -0.15; I2 = 65.6%). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated consistent results, as the removal of individual studies did not significantly alter the overall effect estimate. Additionally, no substantial publication bias was detected, supporting the validity of the meta-analysis.
Conclusions:
The findings strongly endorse music therapy as an effective nonpharmacological strategy for managing preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. With a statistically significant moderate reduction in anxiety observed, music therapy emerges as a valuable tool for improving the perioperative experience and potentially enhancing recovery outcomes in pediatric surgical care.
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