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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Re-defining progression in multiple sclerosis.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) progression begins early, driven by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Recognizing these early progressive components is key for personalized treatment strategies in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Clinical course definitions are evolving to include progression alongside relapses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To define pathological mechanisms driving MS progression.
  • To present evidence of early progressive biology in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MS progression.
  • Analysis of pathological mechanisms.
  • Examination of clinical trial data, including tolebrutinib.

Main Results:

  • Progression independent of relapses contributes significantly to disability in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
  • MS progression involves inflammation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration.
  • These pathological processes are evident early in the disease and evolve over time.

Conclusions:

  • MS progression is a continuous process detectable early in RRMS.
  • Pathological drivers of progression correlate with disability.
  • Individualized treatment strategies require early identification of progressive components using clinical measures and biomarkers.