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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System
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Peripheral nervous system microglia-like cells regulate neuronal soma size throughout evolution.

Zhisheng Wu1, Yiheng Wang2, Wei-Wei Chen3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Immunology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.

Cell
|April 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered peripheral nervous system (PNS) microglia-like cells, crucial for neuron size regulation and function. These cells, similar to central nervous system (CNS) microglia, are vital for neuronal development and evolution.

Keywords:
PNS microgliaevolutionmacrophagemicrogliamicroglia-like cellmicroglial lineageneuron developmentneuronal soma sizeperipheral microgliaperipheral nervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Microglia are key immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Historically, microglia were believed to be absent from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel macrophage population in the PNS.
  • To investigate the origin, function, and evolutionary significance of this PNS cell population.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of PNS macrophages.
  • Phylogenetic analysis across 24 vertebrate species.
  • Functional studies on neuronal development and size regulation.

Main Results:

  • A PNS macrophage population, termed PNS microglia-like cells, was identified.
  • These cells share molecular and developmental profiles with CNS microglia.
  • PNS microglia-like cells regulate neuronal soma size and axon growth, and their presence correlates with neuronal soma size across vertebrates.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a PNS counterpart to CNS microglia.
  • PNS microglia-like cells play a critical role in regulating neuronal soma size during development and evolution.
  • The findings redefine the distribution and function of microglia-related cells in the nervous system.