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Sustainable Hydrogen from Biomass: What Is Its Potential Contribution to the European Defossilization Targets?
Alessio Riorda1, Viviana Negro1, Antonio Marco Pantaleo2,3,4
1Department of Energy, Politecnico of Torino, Viale Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
Energy & Fuels : an American Chemical Society Journal
|April 9, 2025
Summary
Biomass can significantly contribute to the European Union's renewable hydrogen goals, offering a sustainable pathway to meet 2030 targets. This research explores biomass-derived hydrogen as a key component in the EU's defossilization strategy.
Area of Science:
- Energy science
- Environmental science
- Chemical engineering
Background:
- The European Union has set ambitious renewable hydrogen production targets for 2030 and 2050.
- Exploring diverse hydrogen production pathways is crucial for achieving these objectives.
- Biomass is a potential domestic resource for sustainable hydrogen generation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the viability and contribution of biomass-derived hydrogen to EU hydrogen objectives.
- To evaluate biomass hydrogen production alongside established methods like electrolysis.
- To determine the potential role of biomass in the EU's hydrogen mix for 2030 and 2050.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of biomass hydrogen production pathways (thermochemical and biological).
- Assessment of hydrogen yield, production costs, and technology readiness levels (TRLs).
- Analysis of biomass resource availability and production scenarios for 2030 and 2050.
Main Results:
- Biomass-derived hydrogen can meaningfully contribute to the defossilization of the EU hydrogen sector.
- Potential contribution to the EU's 2030 hydrogen target ranges from under 0.1 Mt to over 16 Mt per year.
- Biomass offers flexibility, security of supply, and potential for negative emissions.
Conclusions:
- Biomass-derived hydrogen is a substantial and viable component for meeting the EU's 2030 renewable hydrogen targets.
- It complements other hydrogen production methods, enhancing the transition to a sustainable hydrogen economy.
- Utilizing domestic biomass resources adds value through coproduction of defossilized materials and chemicals.
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