Plant-made trained immunity-based vaccines: Beyond one approach

Area of Science:

• Vaccinology
• Immunology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Plant-made vaccines offer a scalable and economical platform for vaccine production.
• Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) leverage innate immune memory for broad protection against various pathogens.
• Current research has not integrated these two promising vaccine strategies in a transdisciplinary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental knowledge and practical applications of plant-made vaccines and TIbV.
• To identify limitations hindering the widespread adoption of each vaccine strategy.
• To explore the potential for a unified approach combining plant-made vaccines with TIbV.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on plant-made vaccines.
• Literature review of existing research on trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV).
• Analysis of experimental examples and practical applications of both strategies.

Main Results:

• Plant-based vaccine production is cost-efficient and scalable.
• TIbV demonstrates potential for broad-spectrum protection through innate immune memory.
• Significant limitations exist for both strategies, hindering widespread clinical application.

Conclusions:

• Plant-made vaccines and TIbV are compatible strategies with potential for synergy.
• A transdisciplinary approach is needed to overcome current limitations.
• Future research on plant-made TIbV could offer novel solutions for global health challenges.