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Updated: May 17, 2025

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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Implementation science and entrepreneurship: Two complementary frameworks for advancing pharmacy practice.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Implementation science (IS) and entrepreneurship (EN) offer distinct yet overlapping frameworks for advancing healthcare solutions. Understanding their unique strengths and limitations is key for successful adoption and dissemination of pharmacy practice interventions.

    Keywords:
    Business modelEntrepreneurshipImplementation sciencePharmacistPharmacy

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    Area of Science:

    • Health Services Research
    • Pharmacy Practice
    • Implementation Science
    • Entrepreneurship

    Background:

    • Academic leaders and clinicians advocate for implementation science (IS) and entrepreneurship (EN) to transform pharmacy education and practice.
    • Both IS and EN aim to promote solutions for healthcare problems, sharing common processes and goals despite their distinct natures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate the similarities and differences between IS and EN.
    • To evaluate the relative strengths and limitations of major components within each framework for advancing pharmacy practice interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • A comparative analysis of basic components of IS and EN was conducted.
    • The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research Intervention (CFIR) represented IS elements, while resource-based theory operationalized entrepreneurship constructs.
    • Five common components were identified for comparison: intervention, cost-benefit, market viability, organizational setting, and individual/input characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • IS and EN differ in research question framing; IS prioritizes evidence-based intervention implementation and theoretical contributions, focusing on impact quantification.
    • IS frameworks tend to de-emphasize community partner needs, market viability, and return on investment compared to EN.
    • EN is more amenable to interventions with less robust evidence, prioritizing financial sustainability and market profitability.

    Conclusions:

    • Both IS and EN consider intervention, organization, market viability, inputs, and financial return for intervention adoption and sustainability.
    • Either framework can facilitate the advancement and dissemination of pharmacy practice interventions.
    • Researchers must comprehend the limitations inherent in both IS and EN frameworks for effective application.