Interventional pulmonology across the globe

Pediatric interventional pulmonology (PIP) is an evolving subspecialty aiming at respiratory diseases in children through procedural interventions. This review discusses recent developments and challenges in global adoption of these advancements.

Innovations such as ultra-thin cryoprobes and bronchoscopes allow for diagnostic and interventional procedures in pediatric airways. Cryotherapy demonstrates advantages in obtaining biopsies, treating airway stenosis, and extracting foreign bodies. Endobronchial ultrasound has improved the accuracy of diagnosing lymphadenopathy and pulmonary lesions, but its large size and high cost limit its use in resource-poor areas. Other newer techniques, such as tracheoesophageal fistula repair and endobronchial valves for air leaks, are promising but lack strong evidence for widespread adoption. Geographical and economic disparities impede progress, with high-income countries pioneering innovation, and low- and middle-income areas facing access and training challenges.

While PIP does have the potential to be transformational, global disparities in its adoption are significant. International collaborations, standardized training, and resources are paramount. This can be achieved through virtual training platforms and global conferences that will help narrow the gaps, ensuring equitable PIP growth to benefit pediatric respiratory care globally.