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Assessing the Dissemination of Federal Risk Communication by News Media Outlets During Enteric Illness Outbreaks:
Hisba Shereefdeen1,2, Lauren Elizabeth Grant1, Vayshali Patel1,2
1Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Population Medicine Building, Room 201, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada, 1 519-824-4120.
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
|April 10, 2025
Summary
Canadian news media effectively disseminated information on most multijurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks. However, coverage varied, highlighting the need for stronger federal-media connections and improved public health notice quality for better public health communication.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Communication
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Effective risk communication by news media is crucial for containing multijurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks.
- Dissemination of federal risk communication via mass media during such outbreaks has not been previously evaluated.
- Timely and accurate information sharing aids public decision-making and limits adverse health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe and assess how Canadian news media disseminated federal risk communication during multijurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks.
- To identify patterns and potential gaps in news media coverage of public health notices related to these outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of Canadian news databases (Canadian Newsstream, Canadian Business & Current Affairs) from 2014-2023.
- Analysis of news articles corresponding to 46 public health notices (PHNs) for multijurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks.
- A codebook assessed article characteristics, information consistency with PHNs, and health belief model constructs.
Main Results:
- News media covered 96% of identified public health notices for multijurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks.
- Media frequently created original content (60.6%) focusing on outbreak notification and recalls, but rarely on outbreak conclusion (3.8%).
- Key outbreak details like case numbers were often reported (74.3%), but death counts were less frequent (43.8%); health belief model constructs were minimally included.
Conclusions:
- Canadian news media played a significant role in disseminating information about multijurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks.
- Variations in media coverage necessitate improvements in federal risk communication strategies.
- Strengthening interorganizational ties and ensuring high-quality public health notices are vital for enhancing media's role in outbreak communication.
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