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Related Concept Videos

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Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
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Melatonin supplementation does not improve ovine pre- or post-hatching development in vitro.

M Carvajal-Serna1, N Martínez de Los Reyes2, P Marigorta2

  • 1Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

Theriogenology
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin supplementation did not improve sheep embryo development in vitro. While not affecting early stages, high melatonin concentrations reduced epiblast survival in later embryonic development.

Keywords:
EmbryoIn vitroMelatoninOvinePost-hatching

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Embryology
  • Animal science

Background:

  • Melatonin regulates reproductive seasonality in sheep.
  • Melatonin supplementation is used in vivo and in vitro to enhance fertility and embryo development.
  • Previous studies assessed melatonin effects in vitro only up to the hatched blastocyst stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of melatonin supplementation on ovine embryonic development from oocyte maturation through post-hatching stages.
  • To investigate melatonin's effects on the development of the three primary embryonic lineages in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Ovine oocytes underwent in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and in vitro culture (IVC) with melatonin (10-8 or 10-6 M).
  • Embryo development was assessed for cleavage and blastocyst rates at day 8.
  • Embryo survival, growth, and lineage development (hypoblast and epiblast) were evaluated at day 12.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin supplementation did not alter cleavage or blastocyst rates at day 8.
  • No significant effects on embryo survival or growth were observed at day 12.
  • Hypoblast development remained unaffected, but epiblast survival decreased at day 12 with 10-6 M melatonin treatment from the blastocyst stage.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin supplementation during ovine oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo culture did not yield clear benefits for in vitro embryo production.
  • High melatonin concentrations (10-6 M) negatively impacted epiblast survival in later post-hatching embryonic development stages.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role and optimal application of melatonin in ovine reproductive technologies.