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Related Concept Videos

External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
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Updated: May 15, 2025

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
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Spatial Glycomics and Kidney Disease.

Dušan Veličković1, Christopher R Anderton1

  • 1Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

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|April 10, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycan imaging, particularly mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), reveals carbohydrate roles in kidney health and disease. This advanced technique offers comprehensive insights into N-glycans, crucial for renal function and pathology.

Keywords:
GlycansN-glycosylationlectin stainingmass spectrometrymetabolite labeling

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Glycans are vital for kidney cellular functions, both normal and diseased.
  • Understanding glycan spatial distribution is key to their role in kidney processes.
  • Protein N-glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification impacting renal structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of glycans in kidney biology and disease.
  • To discuss glycan imaging techniques, focusing on mass spectrometry imaging (MSI).
  • To highlight how glycan imaging advances our understanding of kidney pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on glycan imaging in nephrology.
  • Focus on mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for untargeted glycan analysis.
  • Comparison of MSI with targeted methods like lectin and metabolite labeling.

Main Results:

  • MSI provides comprehensive, untargeted glycan composition data, unlike targeted methods.
  • Advancements in MSI of N-glycans offer new insights into kidney pathophysiology.
  • Glycan imaging aids in understanding the involvement of carbohydrate moieties in kidney processes.

Conclusions:

  • Glycan imaging, especially MSI, is a powerful tool for studying kidney diseases.
  • MSI of N-glycans provides deeper insights into renal pathophysiology.
  • Recent advancements pave the way for clinical applications of glycan imaging in nephrology.