Network structure of common mental health problems and life satisfaction in a Japanese population

Poor life-satisfaction, feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety are commonly reported in the Japanese general population. The aim of this study was to examine the network structure of these common mental health problems in a Japanese sample and to explore differences between males and females. Participants (N = 476; 235 males, 241 females) were recruited from a Japanese general population and completed questionnaires to measure levels of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and life satisfaction. A psychometric network analysis was conducted using a Gaussian Graphical Model, and a network comparison test (NCT) was performed to evaluate overall consistency and differences in global network connectivity. The network analysis identified problems relaxing, sad mood, feelings of isolation, and poor life satisfaction as central nodes in the overall network. The NCT revealed no significant differences between the male and female networks in the global network structure as well as connectivity. However, the strength values for restlessness and tiredness were significantly higher in the network for males than in the network for females. There were no differences in the global network structure and connectivity of mental health psychopathology between males and females. Problems relaxing, feelings of depression, being isolated from others, and poor life satisfaction contribute to poor mental health and may be potential intervention targets.