Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) affect hundreds of thousands of patients annually, often leading to life-altering consequences such as significant impairments in motor function and sensory perception. In recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment could complement traditional treatment and improve therapeutic outcomes for these injuries. This paper reviews emerging insights into the potential benefits of MSC treatment for PNI and summarizes selected examples of the interactions between MSCs, peripheral nerves, and their microenvironment, which have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of MSC-based therapy. We believe that this rapidly moving field holds great promise for future advancements, guiding the rational design of safe and effective treatments for patients with PNI.