Cyclodextrins as multifunctional tools for advanced biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration

Cyclodextrins (CDs), characterized by their unique cyclic oligosaccharide structure and exceptional capacity for molecular encapsulation through host-guest interactions, have garnered significant attention as versatile building blocks in advanced biomaterials. This review explores the application of CD-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, emphasizing their synthesis, physicochemical characterization, biocompatibility, and translational potential. Special emphasis is placed on the development of CD-modified hydrogels, their interaction with host-guest molecules, and their use in advanced therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we discuss various fabrication methods for CD-based biomaterials, including physical and covalent crosslinking, self-assembly, and enzymatic crosslinking, each providing unique properties suited for advanced therapeutic strategies. Safety considerations and potential regulatory challenges associated with these materials are also examined. By providing a comprehensive overview of recent advancements, this review aims to highlight the promising role of cyclodextrins as multifunctional tools in enhancing tissue repair and regeneration, paving the way for innovative therapeutic solutions in clinical settings.