Phosphorus-Based Anodes for Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities

Building better lithium-ion batteries with higher power density is critical to enhancing the operational experience of portable electronics and electric vehicles. The factors that limit power density at the cell level are a lower rate capability of the anode than the cathode and lithium plating at the anode when recharging at a high rate that increases the risk of internal short circuit and creates a safety hazard. Therefore, developing new anode materials with high rate performance with low lithium plating risk is the key to improve the power density and at the same time achieving extremely fast charging capability. Herein, a comparative review on the advantages and challenges in using graphite, silicon/graphite, and the newly emerging phosphorus-based anodes, for fast charging, is presented.