Effect of different ratios of carbohydrate to fat intake on glucolipid metabolism in developing mice

The manner of consumption of fats and carbohydrates affects the ability of glucolipid metabolism. Improper diets have an impact on health. Few studies have examined the impact of the ratio of two nutrient intakes on developing mice's health as opposed to the type. In this study, three-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed four different types of chow: conventional (63.95% CHO, 15.75% FAT), medium-carbon (39.70% CHO, 40.00% FAT), low-carbon (1.57% CHO, 64.00% FAT), and ketogenic (1.00% CHO, 78.71% FAT) diets. The results showed that during the developing stage, all four groups of mice had no discernible changes in health. However, the mice in the medium-carbon diet group exhibited impaired liver slices and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and had the least amount of serum inosine. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes related to gluconeogenesis and fat oxidation increased with increasing fat intake. The expression levels of fat synthesis-related enzymes were proportional to the carbohydrate intake. When the intake of either carbohydrates or fat was higher than that of another, the serum levels of inosine in mice increased, activating PPARγ. This activated PPARγ regulated the expression of mRNAs related to gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism and suppressed inflammatory factors. Conversely, when the carbohydrate intake ratio was consistent with that of fat, the inosine content was low, and PPARγ expression was reduced. As a result, no inhibitory effect was observed on the growth of hepatic inflammatory factors. This study may provide some theoretical basis for selecting dietary patterns during the period of development, thus eliminating the medium-carbon diet option.