Epidemiology of Uveitis from a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Bulgaria over a 13-Year Period

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the etiology of uveitis and to examine its relationship with anatomical localization, age, and gender. Methods: A prospective study on patients with uveitis was conducted over a 13-year period at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "St. George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Each case was diagnosed based on a comprehensive eye examination, a review of the systems, and additional laboratory and specialized examination methods. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the location of inflammation: anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. Results: A total of 606 patients with uveitis were included in the study. The mean age of the study group was 46.5 ± 18.6 years. There was no statistically significant difference in gender distribution (p = 0.329). Anterior uveitis was the most dominant anatomical localization (p < 0.001). Cases with clarified etiology were significantly prevalent (p < 0.001). The most frequently identified etiology was HLA B27-associated uveitis (32.5%), followed by viral uveitis (16.8%). A significant correlation between etiology and anatomical localization was found (p < 0.001). The highest proportion (93%) of cases with clarified etiology was associated with posterior uveitis, while the lowest (39.7%) was linked to intermediate uveitis. Conclusions: We found that anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical localization, followed by intermediate uveitis. The disease is rare in childhood, while in elderly patients, there is an increase in idiopathic and viral uveitis cases. Our results provide valuable information about the most common etiologies of uveitis among the Bulgarian population.