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Mathematical Methods Applied to the Problem of Dairy Cow Replacements: A Scoping Review.
Osvaldo Palma1,2, Lluis M Plà-Aragonés1,3, Alejandro Mac Cawley4
1Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Lleida, 73 Jaume II, 25001 Lleida, Spain.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|April 12, 2025
Summary
Mathematical modeling optimizes dairy cow replacement strategies, with dynamic programming and simulation being key. Future research should explore machine learning and animal health factors for enhanced farm efficiency and sustainability.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Operations Research
- Data Science
Background:
- Dairy farming relies on strategic replacement decisions for profitability and efficiency.
- Mathematical modeling offers a robust framework for optimizing these complex decisions.
- A comprehensive review is needed to understand current modeling approaches in dairy cow replacement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify mathematical methods used in dairy cow replacement models.
- To establish a foundation for future research directions in this domain.
- To analyze commonly used optimization techniques and response variables.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review of peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science and Scopus databases.
- Systematic screening of titles, keywords, and full texts for relevance to dairy cow replacement modeling.
- Inclusion of 40 selected English-language articles.
Main Results:
- Dynamic programming (58%) and stochastic simulation (40%) are the most prevalent optimization techniques.
- Milk production (58%) and profit (78%) are the primary response variables and economic indicators, respectively.
- Machine learning and hybrid approaches are underutilized (5%).
Conclusions:
- Mathematical modeling, particularly dynamic programming and simulation, is crucial for enhancing dairy farm efficiency, profitability, and sustainability.
- Future research should integrate machine learning, hybrid models, and consider animal health and characteristics.
- Expanding the application of advanced computational methods can further optimize dairy herd management.
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