Measuring CO₂ Concentration and Thermal Comfort in Italian University Classrooms: A Seasonal Analysis

This study investigates indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in Italian university classrooms, considering seasonal variations. Poor IAQ can impair students' cognitive performance and well-being, making ventilation strategies crucial. The aim is to assess CO₂ levels, temperature, and humidity, analyzing their interactions across seasons. A monitoring protocol was applied in three classrooms using NDIR sensors and a microclimate assessment system. Sensors were placed strategically to capture representative data in 20 days in spring and autumn. Results indicate that CO₂ levels peaked at 2324.2 ppm in autumn, significantly exceeding the 1000 ppm threshold, whereas spring levels remained below 953.4 ppm. Relative humidity ranged from 32.7% to 55.6%, with higher values in autumn. Temperatures varied from 19.1 °C to 27.5 °C, with warmer conditions in spring. Strong positive correlations (always greater than 0.70) between CO₂ and humidity suggest inadequate air exchange reduces IAQ, potentially affecting cognitive performance. This research provides valuable insights for improving student well-being through better air quality management. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing classroom environments, supporting cognitive performance, and improving student well-being through better air quality management.