Clinical Assessment of Altered Eating Behaviors in People with Obesity Using the EBA-O Questionnaire

Background/Objectives: Over the past decade, numerous studies have explored the bidirectional relationship between obesity and mental health, mainly eating disorders (EDs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of altered eating behaviors (AEBs) in a cohort of people with obesity (PwO) using the validated Eating Behaviors Assessment for Obesity (EBA-O). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from May 2023 to April 2024, recruiting consecutive PwO seeking weight loss. Participants completed the 18-item EBA-O questionnaire, which focuses on five primary eating behaviors: night eating, food addiction, sweet eating, hyperphagia, and binge eating. Unlike other validated tools, the EBA-O is specifically designed to capture these behaviors in PwO and is easy for patients to self-administer. We also collected sociodemographic and clinical data. Results: A total of 127 participants were included (76 women, median age 52 years, median BMI 42.9 kg/m²). We found a significant prevalence of AEBs: 33.1% for sweet eating, 23.6% for hyperphagia, 15.7% for food addiction, 14.2% for binge eating, and 7.1% for night eating. The EBA-O scores correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.201, p = 0.024) and increased across BMI categories (p = 0.001). Males had higher scores for night eating and hyperphagia (p = 0.01), and active smokers had higher hyperphagia scores (p = 0.043) than ex-smokers and non-smokers. The night eating scores were inversely correlated with sleep hours (r = -0.197, p = 0.026), and food addiction was positively correlated with age (r = 0.261, p = 0.003); conversely, hyperphagia (r = -0.198, p = 0.025) and binge eating (r = -0.229, p = 0.010) were inversely correlated with age. PwO without diabetes had higher scores for food addiction (p = 0.01) and binge eating (p = 0.004) compared to those with diabetes. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential to characterize PwO based on their AEBs, offering new opportunities to tailor treatment strategies for PwO by targeting specific eating behaviors.