Orchard Microclimate Control as a Way to Prevent Kiwifruit Decline Syndrome Onset

Area of Science:

• Horticultural Science
• Plant Physiology
• Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

• Kiwifruit Decline Syndrome (KiDS) causes significant damage to kiwifruit crops in Mediterranean regions.
• KiDS is linked to impaired hydraulic conductance due to high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature.
• The syndrome manifests as growth arrest, wilting, desiccation, and root system degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effectiveness of over-tree micro-sprinkler irrigation and shading nets in mitigating climate stress on kiwifruit.
• To assess the impact of these agronomic practices on leaf physiology, water status, and root characteristics.
• To determine if microclimate control can reduce the incidence of KiDS.

Main Methods:

• Over-tree micro-sprinkler irrigation and shading nets were implemented to manage leaf temperature and VPD.
• Measurements included leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, stem water potential, stem growth, and root traits (starch content, xylem vessel diameter, density, cavitation vulnerability).

Main Results:

• Combined irrigation and shading significantly lowered leaf temperature and reduced plant water stress.
• Improved physiological responses were observed, including higher stem water potential, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis.
• Root starch content increased during summer, and xylem vessel characteristics indicated reduced vulnerability to cavitation under the tested management.

Conclusions:

• Microclimate control through integrated agronomic management (irrigation and shading) effectively protects kiwifruit from climate stress.
• These practices can enhance plant water status and physiological performance, thereby decreasing the risk of KiDS onset.
• Sustainable management strategies are crucial for kiwifruit cultivation in increasingly challenging climatic conditions.