High-accuracy vertical wind profiling up to 12 km using a 1064 nm coherent Doppler Lidar with 10 mJ pulsed laser

We present a high-performance coherent Doppler wind Lidar (CDWL) system designed for long-range vertical and horizontal wind field detection. The system utilizes a self-developed single-frequency pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, delivering a pulse energy of 10 mJ. Coupled with a 180 mm diameter telescope, this CDWL achieves a horizontal line-of-sight (LOS) detection range of 25 km and vertical wind velocity profiling up to 12 km within 1-minute integration time. Notably, it enables continuous wind field retrieval within 10 km altitude through the Doppler beam-swinging (DBS) scanning technique, addressing the challenge of vertical detection limitations in existing systems. Validation against ERA5 reanalysis data demonstrates high consistency, with coefficients of determination (r²) of 0.8709 and 0.9623 for U and V wind components, respectively. This work advances coherent Lidar technology by combining high-energy solid-state lasers with optimized amplification techniques, offering a robust tool for meteorological applications such as wind shear monitoring and atmospheric dynamics research.