Accuracy of Digital Impression Methods for Capturing the Peri-Implant Emergence Profile: A Systematic Review

Accurately replicating the emergence profile (EP) of conditioned soft tissue is pivotal for the success of implant-supported restorations. In the field of digital technology, various methods have emerged to capture EP. This review aims to critically assess current digital methodologies for capturing peri-implant EP.

Prospective interventional or observational clinical studies focusing on digitally mapping the emergence profile (EP) around single implant-supported restorations were included. Systematic reviews, in vitro and animal studies, and those not emphasizing EP capture were excluded. A systematic search across four databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science) was conducted on 7th August 2024 based on a previously registered protocol (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023459484). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and JBI critical appraisal tools. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out.

Twenty-four eligible studies were identified, comprising 5 dental techniques, 12 case reports, 1 randomized controlled study, 2 cross-sectional studies, and 4 cross-over studies. The studies reported semi-digital pathways, direct scanning, indirect scanning, coded-healing abutments, and individualized use of scan bodies. Notably, the direct scanning technique showed considerable soft tissue collapse. Similar results can be achieved with indirect scanning and the conventional method.

Indirect EP scanning appears as the most promising method for capturing peri-implant EP. However, a confirmation of this finding requires a quantitative analysis through randomized clinical trials.