Exploring Intersectionality in the Medical Care of a Latino Child With Autism

Felix is a boy aged 10 years with autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who presents to the pediatric emergency department for acute behavior change, including decreased interactivity, decreased speech, bruxism, and new urinary incontinence. He is admitted during the weekend, and scheduling of magnetic resonance imaging is delayed. Eventually, he has a computed tomography scan of his head, which shows an abnormal diffuse hypodensity involving the frontal lobe with extension into the cortex, all concerning for ischemia, and he is ultimately diagnosed with Moyamoya disease complicated by stroke. Felix and his family self-identify as Latino and Black and prefer to use a language other than English for medical discussions. Through this case, we (1) reflect on the barriers to clinical care faced by patients with autism; (2) define intersectionality and explore how neurodivergence, race, ethnicity, and parental-provider language discordance can augment and inhibit the provision of equitable care; and (3) discuss strategies that may mitigate the impact of oppression on clinical care.