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Incorporating ecosystem component interactions and indirect effects in cumulative impact assessment models.

Iréne Wåhlström1, Diana Perry2, Sanne Bergman3

  • 1Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research Department, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden.

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Incorporating ecosystem interactions into cumulative impact assessment (CIA) models significantly enhances marine management. This approach reveals previously overlooked pressures, leading to more accurate and spatially detailed assessments for sustainable coastal ecosystems.

Keywords:
Cumulative impact assessment modelsDirect and indirect effectsEcosystem component interactionsMethodological advancements

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Ecosystem modeling
  • Environmental impact assessment

Background:

  • Anthropogenic pressures on coastal seas necessitate strategic management.
  • Existing cumulative impact assessment (CIA) models can be improved by incorporating ecosystem dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how ecosystem component interactions and indirect effects can enhance CIA models.
  • To assess the extent to which these interactions alter cumulative impact estimations.

Main Methods:

  • A simplified, extended regional Symphony CIA model was applied to a Swedish case study.
  • Five pollution- and climate-driven pressures on cod, herring, and plankton were analyzed.
  • A systematic literature review determined impact weight scores for model advancement.

Main Results:

  • The refined CIA model showed an 117% increase in total cumulative impact in the study area.
  • The updated model provided a more spatially detailed outcome with greater variability in impact magnitude.
  • New, previously unhighlighted, areas under pressure were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating ecosystem interactions and indirect effects is crucial for improving CIA models.
  • Enhanced CIA models offer greater predictive power and ecological relevance for ecosystem-based marine management.
  • This approach is essential for a holistic understanding and management of marine ecosystems.