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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Updated: May 13, 2025

3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

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A genetically informed brain atlas for enhancing brain imaging genomics.

Jingxuan Bao^1,2, Junhao Wen^3,4,5, Changgee Chang⁶

¹Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Nature Communications

|April 14, 2025

Summary

The Genetically Informed brAiN aTlas (GIANT) integrates genetic and brain structure data to create a novel brain atlas. This atlas improves the understanding of genetic influences on brain variations and enhances imaging genomics research.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Biomedical Science

Background:

Brain imaging genomics investigates genetic influences on brain structure and function.
Existing brain atlases do not fully integrate genetic information with neuroanatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop the Genetically Informed brAiN aTlas (GIANT) that simultaneously accounts for genetic and neuroanatomical variations.
To improve the discovery power and applicability of imaging genomics investigations.

Main Methods:

Integrating voxel-wise heritability and spatial proximity to cluster brain voxels.
Developing a novel brain atlas (GIANT) that clusters voxels into genetically informed regions.
Validating GIANT's neuroanatomical validity and generalizability across diverse populations and conditions.

Main Results:

GIANT exhibits smaller intra-region and larger inter-region variations in voxel-wise heritability compared to conventional atlases.
GIANT yields increased regional SNP heritability and enhanced polygenicity.
GIANT's polygenic risk score explains more brain volumetric variation than traditional atlases.
Demonstrated neuroanatomical validity and generalizability across diverse ancestries and brain conditions.

Conclusions:

GIANT captures the complexity of genetic and neuroanatomical heterogeneity.
GIANT enhances the discovery power and applicability of imaging genomics research.
Provides a comprehensive genetic architecture of GIANT regions, including functional annotation and trait associations.