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ERA5-Drought: Global drought indices based on ECMWF reanalysis.
Jessica Keune1, Francesca Di Giuseppe2, Christopher Barnard3
1European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK. jessica.keune@ecmwf.int.
Scientific Data
|April 14, 2025
Summary
A new global dataset of drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), is now available. This resource aids in monitoring drought conditions and supports water and food security efforts.
Area of Science:
- Climate Science
- Environmental Monitoring
- Data Science
Background:
- Climate change is intensifying droughts, posing significant societal threats.
- Effective drought monitoring is crucial for societal resilience and resource management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel, comprehensive global dataset of drought indices.
- To provide long-term, high-resolution climate data for drought analysis.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the 5th generation ECMWF reanalysis system (ERA5) for data generation.
- Calculated Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over various accumulation periods (1 month to 4 years).
- Ensured data availability from 1940 to present, including validation metrics.
Main Results:
- Developed a freely accessible global dataset of SPI and SPEI from ERA5 reanalysis data.
- Dataset covers the full ERA5 climatology from 1940 to the present.
- Includes deterministic and probabilistic drought index information with validation data.
Conclusions:
- The ERA5-Drought dataset is a valuable tool for environmental agencies, water management, and agriculture.
- Enhances capabilities for monitoring drought occurrence and intensity globally.
- Contributes to improved water and food security monitoring and management strategies.
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