Applications of Machine Learning in Food Safety and HACCP Monitoring of Animal-Source Foods

Integrating advanced computing techniques into food safety management has attracted significant attention recently. Machine learning (ML) algorithms offer innovative solutions for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) monitoring by providing advanced data analysis capabilities and have proven to be powerful tools for assessing the safety of Animal-Source Foods (ASFs). Studies that link ML with HACCP monitoring in ASFs are limited. The present review provides an overview of ML, feature extraction, and selection algorithms employed for food safety. Several non-destructive techniques are presented, including spectroscopic methods, smartphone-based sensors, paper chromogenic arrays, machine vision, and hyperspectral imaging combined with ML algorithms. Prospects include enhancing predictive models for food safety with the development of hybrid Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and the automation of quality control processes using AI-driven computer vision, which could revolutionize food safety inspections. However, handling conceivable inclinations in AI models is vital to guaranteeing reasonable and exact hazard assessments in an assortment of nourishment generation settings. Moreover, moving forward, the interpretability of ML models will make them more straightforward and dependable. Conclusively, applying ML algorithms allows real-time monitoring and predictive analytics and can significantly reduce the risks associated with ASF consumption.