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Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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Fiber angular displacement sensor utilizing orbital angular momentum beam interference.

Zilun Luo, Rui Liu, Luping Wu

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    This study introduces a novel fiber optic sensor for precise angular displacement measurement using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam interference. The system demonstrates high sensitivity and an extended measurement range, overcoming limitations of existing fiber sensors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Optical Sensing
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Traditional fiber optic angular displacement sensors face limitations in sensitivity, range, and polarization interference.
    • Accurate measurement of angular displacement is crucial in various industrial and scientific applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel fiber angular displacement sensing system.
    • To achieve high sensitivity, wide-range measurement, and robust performance using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam interference.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a micro polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) as the sensing element.
    • Converting fiber bending-induced angular displacement into an interference phase difference via OAM modes and spherical wave interference.
    • Developing a dedicated algorithm for demodulating interference image characteristics to measure angular displacement.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a sensitivity of 3524.158°/° within the 0°-2° range.
    • Demonstrated a sensitivity of 53.849°/° within the 152°-2° range.
    • The system exhibited improved integration, enhanced sensitivity, extended measurement range, and resistance to polarization interference.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed OAM beam interference system offers a highly sensitive and wide-range solution for fiber angular displacement measurement.
    • This technology overcomes key limitations of conventional optical fiber sensors, paving the way for advanced applications.