The Impact of Bruxism on Athletic Performance: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Sports Medicine
• Oral Health
• Psychology

Background:

• Bruxism (involuntary teeth grinding/clenching) is increasingly common in athletes.
• Factors like stress, performance anxiety, and intense training contribute to athlete bruxism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the prevalence of bruxism in athletes.
• To identify factors associated with athlete bruxism.
• To evaluate the impact of bruxism on athletic performance and health.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 11 studies published between 2000 and 2023.
• Data extraction on prevalence, performance metrics, psychological factors, sleep, and injury.
• Random-effects models used for pooled prevalence, mean differences, and odds ratios.

Main Results:

• Pooled prevalence of bruxism in athletes is 38% (95% CI: 25-52%), significantly higher than the general population.
• Highest prevalence observed in combat sports (58%) and weightlifting (50%).
• Bruxism linked to reduced strength, endurance, coordination, slower reaction times, increased anxiety, poorer sleep, and 2.5x higher injury risk.

Conclusions:

• Bruxism presents significant challenges for athletes, affecting oral health, sleep, and performance.
• Further research is needed to understand sport-specific risk factors.
• Targeted management strategies are essential to protect athletes' health and competitive outcomes.