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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

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Print-It-Yourself Bone Marrow Biopsy Simulator Compared With Human Cadavers.

Jean-Francois Leclerc1, Tristan Samson-Roy, Maxime Chénard-Poirier

  • 1From the Department of Medicine (J.-F.L., T.S.-R., M.C.-P., A.L.), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.-L.T.), Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.

Simulation in Healthcare : Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare
|April 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel 3D-printed simulator for bone marrow biopsy training yielded higher quality specimens than cadavers. This low-cost, accessible tool enhances resident confidence and procedural skill acquisition in hematology-oncology and internal medicine.

Keywords:
3D printingBone marrow biopsySimulation-Based Learningcadaveric practicehematologyinternal medicinemedical simulationprocedural skillstraining simulator

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Simulation

Background:

  • Bone marrow biopsy is a crucial skill for internal medicine and hematology-oncology trainees.
  • Suboptimal specimen acquisition is common among less experienced practitioners, leading to diagnostic errors and repeat procedures.
  • Existing training methods like cadaveric simulation and commercial simulators face cost and accessibility barriers, while current 3D-printed models lack essential features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a low-cost, 3D-printed procedural simulator for bone marrow biopsy training.
  • To assess the simulator's functional fidelity, ease of use, and effectiveness in producing high-quality specimens.
  • To compare the novel simulator's performance against traditional cadaveric practice.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D-printed simulator was designed based on the anatomical properties of the posterior superior iliac spine.
  • Key design features included functional fidelity, ease of printing/assembly, low cost, and durability.
  • A randomized crossover study compared the 3D-printed simulator with cadaveric practice involving 38 first-year internal medicine residents.

Main Results:

  • Residents reported similar confidence and appreciation levels after practicing with both the 3D-printed simulator and cadavers.
  • Within 10 minutes, 86% of residents using the simulator obtained specimens ≥15 mm (mean 27 mm), compared to 60% with cadavers (mean 17 mm).
  • The simulator facilitated the acquisition of more and longer specimens.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printed simulator enables residents to obtain higher quality bone marrow biopsy specimens compared to cadaveric practice.
  • The simulator allows trainees to focus on mastering the critical drilling motion through bone cortex and marrow.
  • This low-cost, easily assembled simulator democratizes biopsy training for diverse educational settings.