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Unveiling Community Vulnerability to COVID-19 Incidence: A Population-Based Spatial Analysis in Clark County, Nevada
Lung-Chang Chien1, L-W Antony Chen2, Chad L Cross1
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
Summary
This study developed a Community Vulnerability Index (CVI) to understand COVID-19 disparities. Higher CVI, driven by minority status and housing issues, correlated with increased COVID-19 incidence in Clark County.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Socioeconomic Determinants of Health
Background:
- COVID-19 disparities are linked to community vulnerability beyond socioeconomic status.
- Targeted public health interventions require understanding spatial and temporal variations in vulnerability.
- Clark County, Nevada, experienced significant COVID-19 impacts necessitating localized assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel Community Vulnerability Index (CVI) for Clark County, Nevada.
- To assess the relationship between the CVI and temporal variations in COVID-19 incidence.
- To identify key community determinants contributing to COVID-19 vulnerability and inform public health strategies.
Main Methods:
- Utilized American Community Survey and other data to identify 23 community measures at the census tract level.
- Constructed the CVI using lagged weighted quantile sum (LWQS) regression linking measures to monthly COVID-19 incidence (March 2020-November 2021).
- Employed the Besag-York-Mollié model to evaluate spatial associations between CVI and COVID-19 incidence, controlling for spatial and temporal autocorrelation.
Main Results:
- Minority status, housing inadequacy, and inactive commuting were primary, consistent contributors to the CVI.
- Significant spatial disparities in CVI were observed, concentrated in northern Clark County and the northeastern Las Vegas metropolitan area.
- Spatial analyses indicated varying, clustered associations between COVID-19 incidence and CVI in northern and eastern Las Vegas metropolitan areas.
Conclusions:
- The CVI effectively captures community vulnerability influencing COVID-19 incidence, highlighting spatial inequities.
- Findings underscore the complex interplay between community characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes.
- The CVI framework offers a versatile tool for assessing and addressing community vulnerability in public health, applicable to COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and hospitalization.
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