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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pedal Edema in Chronic Leg Edema
Kotaro Suehiro1, Takasuke Harada1, Makoto Samura1
1Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Annals of Vascular Surgery
|April 16, 2025
Summary
Pedal edema (PE) affects 64% of legs with chronic edema. Leg edema severity and lower serum albumin levels are key risk factors for developing PE.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Nephrology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Chronic edema impacts a significant number of patients.
- Pedal edema (PE) is a common manifestation within chronic leg edema.
- Understanding PE's prevalence and causes is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of pedal edema (PE) in patients with chronic leg edema.
- To identify the underlying causes and risk factors associated with PE in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 705 legs from 411 patients with chronic edema (>3 months) was analyzed.
- Exclusion criteria included known systemic edematous conditions and specific ranges of serum albumin or eGFR.
- Ultrasonography was used to confirm edema and detect subcutaneous echo-free spaces (SEFS); further assessments included blood tests and venous scans.
Main Results:
- Pedal edema (PE) was identified in 64% of legs with chronic edema.
- Multivariate analysis revealed that the severity of SEFS in the lateral lower calf (OR: 5.62) and serum albumin levels (OR: 2.55) were significant risk factors for PE.
- A correlation was observed between SEFS severity and overall leg edema severity.
Conclusions:
- Pedal edema (PE) is highly prevalent in legs with chronic edema, affecting 64% of cases.
- The severity of leg edema and lower serum albumin levels, even within normal ranges, are primary contributors to PE.
- These findings highlight the importance of monitoring leg edema severity and albumin levels in patients at risk for PE.
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