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Physical activity modifies associations between cerebrospinal fluid tau measures and executive function.

Ryan J Dougherty1, Anja Soldan2, Corinne Pettigrew2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Health Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia (New York, N. Y.)
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Regular physical activity may protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) cognitive decline by reducing the impact of tau pathology on executive function. This study found physical activity did not affect amyloid-beta (Aβ) biomarkers.

Keywords:
accelerometrycognitive declinecognitive reserveexercisemodifiable lifestyle factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau accumulation, detectable via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Physical activity's role in modifying AD risk and its impact on biomarkers and cognition requires further understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if higher physical activity levels modify the association between AD CSF biomarkers and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • 117 cognitively normal older adults wore accelerometers and provided CSF samples.
  • Multivariable linear regression analyzed interactions between physical activity and CSF biomarkers (Aβ42/40, p-tau181, total tau) on cognitive scores (executive function, episodic memory).

Main Results:

  • Physical activity significantly interacted with phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) and total tau in relation to executive function.
  • Higher physical activity diminished the negative association between tau pathology and executive function.
  • No significant interactions were found for episodic memory or with amyloid-beta (Aβ42/40).

Conclusions:

  • A physically active lifestyle may offer protection against AD-related cognitive decline.
  • Physical activity appears to mitigate the cognitive effects of tau pathology, potentially by enhancing cognitive reserve.