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Risk Factors of Long-Term Opioid Use After Elective Cervical and Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Michigan Spine Surgery

Enoch Kim1, Dheeraj Kagithala1, Jianhui Hu2

  • 1School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit , Michigan , USA.

Neurosurgery
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
Cervical spine surgeryLumbar spine surgeryOpiate usePatient reported outcomes

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