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Host Proteins in Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes.

Joachim Müller1, Beatrice Zumkehr1, Manfred Heller2

  • 1Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes, causing alveolar echinococcosis, selectively absorb host proteins. Their uptake differs between in vitro and in vivo models, indicating controlled nutrient acquisition by the parasite.

Keywords:
helminth proteomicshomeostasishost-parasite interactionmodel systemsystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions

Background:

  • Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.
  • Understanding host-parasite interactions, specifically nutrient uptake, is crucial for studying disease mechanisms.
  • An in vitro model using conditioned medium from rat hepatoma cells exists for studying metacestodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the uptake of host-derived proteins by Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.
  • To identify which host proteins are absorbed by the parasite and how their abundance differs in vivo and in vitro.
  • To explore potential mechanisms and functions of host protein uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based proteomics was used to analyze host proteins in culture medium and metacestode vesicle tissue/fluid.
  • Comparison of host protein profiles in vitro (conditioned medium) versus ex vivo (vesicle fluid from infected mice).

Main Results:

  • Out of 1170 host proteins in the culture medium, only 225 were detected in metacestode vesicle tissue or fluid.
  • The relative abundance of host proteins differed significantly; serum albumin was abundant in medium but not the most abundant in vesicle fluid.
  • Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein was most abundant in vesicle fluid, while histone isoforms dominated in ex vivo vesicle fluid from infected mice.

Conclusions:

  • Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes exhibit selective uptake of host proteins, not based on size or charge alone.
  • The parasite actively regulates the spectrum of host proteins it internalizes, adjusting based on the environment (in vitro vs. in vivo).
  • These findings suggest a sophisticated mechanism for maintaining a constant internal milieu and acquiring essential nutrients from the host.