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Occupational Exposure of Healthcare Workers During Drug Reconstitution and Handling Tasks: A Multicenter Assessment
Roland B van den Berg1, Percival Stubbs, Johanna R C Boumans-d'Onofrio
1From the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.v.d.B., M.C.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, the Hague, the Netherlands (R.B.v.d.B.); Department of Human Resources, Health Team, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, the Hague, the Netherlands (P.S.); Department of Human Resources, Occupational Health, Safety & Environmental Service, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J.R.C. B.-d'O.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.W.S.); Occupational Health Department, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.B.S.); Department of Human Resources, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (P.O.); Laboratory of the Dutch Pharmacists, Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association, the Hague, the Netherlands (S.N.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.K.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (O.B.); and Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.K.).
Objective:
This study evaluated healthcare workers' occupational exposure to inhaled drugs during drug reconstitution and handling tasks, focusing on compliance with occupational exposure limits (OELs).
Methods:
Ten nurses and pharmacy technicians were monitored during an 8-hour shift to measure inhalable particle concentrations using a portable sampling device.
Results:
Inhalable particle concentrations ranged from <15 to 381 μg/m 3 (arithmetic mean 83 μg/m 3 ). Exposure to drugs in hazardous drug classes (HDCs) 1, 2, and 3 complied with OELs, while exposure to drugs in HDCs 4 and 5 exceeded OELs, highlighting the need for enhanced protective measures.
Conclusions:
No additional precautions are needed for drugs in HDCs 1, 2, and 3, but dust exhaust or biosafety cabinets are recommended for handling drugs in HDCs 4 and 5.
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