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A Pilot Comparison of Clinical Data Collection Methods Using Paper, Electronic Health Record Prompt, and a Smartphone

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  • 1From the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB). meagan.e.stabler@hitchcock.org.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Comparing paper, electronic health record (EHR), and smartphone application (app) card studies, researchers found all methods acceptable for collecting primary care clinician (PCC) perceptions. Each modality presents unique benefits and drawbacks for data collection efficiency and cost.

Keywords:
Data CollectionFamily MedicineNew EnglandPhysiciansPractice-Based ResearchPractice-Based Research NetworksPrimary Health CareResearchResearch Design

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Clinical Informatics
  • Practice-Based Research Networks

Background:

  • Paper card studies have long been used to gather primary care clinician (PCC) perceptions.
  • Electronic data collection via electronic health records (EHR) or smartphone applications (apps) is a newer alternative.
  • Direct comparisons of these data collection modalities are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the user experience, completion rates, and costs of paper, EHR, and app-delivered card studies.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of different data collection methods in primary care settings.

Main Methods:

  • 15 PCCs from 3 clinics participated, collecting approximately 100 cards each.
  • Data were collected over 4 clinical days per PCC on the topic of "telehealth burden."
  • Clinics were assigned different data collection modalities: paper, EHR, or app.

Main Results:

  • PCCs found data collection easy, with no disruption to clinical operations across all modalities.
  • Paper cards had the highest completion rate but incurred high manual transcription costs at scale.
  • EHR and app modalities scaled better than paper, though EHR was most expensive for small-scale studies.

Conclusions:

  • All three data collection methods (paper, EHR, app) were acceptable to PCCs.
  • Each modality offers distinct advantages and disadvantages regarding user experience, completion rates, and cost-effectiveness.
  • The choice of modality depends on the scale and specific requirements of the card study.