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Post-discharge nutrition to optimize preterm infant short- and long-term outcomes

Sarah N Taylor1, Catherine O Buck1

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|April 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Preterm infants require supplemental nutrition due to missed fetal development. Optimal nutrition strategies are crucial for healthy growth, neurodevelopment, and preventing obesity in these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Pediatric growth and development

Background:

  • Preterm infants experience nutritional deficits proportional to gestational age.
  • Growth patterns in preterm infants impact neurodevelopmental outcomes and obesity risk.
  • Optimal nutrition is critical for long-term health in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the persistent uncertainties in preterm infant nutrition.
  • To explore optimal nutritional strategies for both inpatient and post-discharge care.
  • To identify reliable short-term measures for predicting long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials on preterm infant nutrition.
  • Analysis of growth patterns and body composition.
  • Investigation into the benefits of maternal milk feedings.

Main Results:

  • Significant need for supplemental nutrition in very preterm infants.
  • Established link between preterm infant growth and long-term health risks.
  • Ongoing uncertainty regarding optimal nutritional supplement duration and maternal milk benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing healthy growth through optimal nutrition is vital for preterm infants.
  • Further research is needed to clarify best practices in preterm nutrition.
  • Individualized, standardized post-discharge nutrition plans are likely essential.

Keywords:
Body compositionBreastfeedingDischarge nutritionHuman milkInfant growthPreterm infant

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