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Syntax comprehension in Persian-speaking students with ADHD.

Armon Massoodi1, Akram Ahmadi2, Hanieh Haghjou1

  • 1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran.

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|April 17, 2025
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Summary

Typically developing children aged 7-10 significantly outperform those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in understanding complex syntax. This difference is most pronounced in intricate sentence structures.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderComprehensionLanguage disorderPersianSyntax

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Syntax comprehension is crucial for language processing in both typical and neurodiverse children.
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can impact cognitive functions, including language skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare syntactic comprehension between children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children aged 7-10.
  • To identify specific areas of syntactic difficulty in children with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Administered the Persian Syntax Comprehension Test (PSCT) to 70 children with ADHD and 70 TD children.
  • Assessed syntactic items of varying complexity.
  • Compared performance between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in total PSCT scores between TD and ADHD children.
  • The largest effect size was observed for complex syntactic structures (SMD = 0.72).
  • TD children outperformed ADHD children on 58% of individual PSCT items.

Conclusions:

  • Typically developing Persian-speaking children aged 7-10 demonstrate superior syntax comprehension compared to peers with ADHD.
  • Complex syntactic structures represent the most significant area of difference between the groups.