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Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...

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Updated: May 11, 2025

Electrospinning Fundamentals: Optimizing Solution and Apparatus Parameters

Electrospinning Fundamentals: Optimizing Solution and Apparatus Parameters

Published on: January 21, 2011

Synchronization of wave-propelled capillary spinners.

Jack-William Barotta¹, Giuseppe Pucci^2,3, Eli Silver¹

¹Brown University, School of Engineering, Center for Fluid Mechanics, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.

Physical Review. E

|April 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two spinning millimetric objects on a vibrating liquid synchronize their rotation through self-generated waves. Their synchronized motion depends on spacing and initial conditions, demonstrating complex hydrodynamic interactions.

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Hydrodynamics
Wave phenomena

Background:

Millimetric objects on vibrating liquid baths generate waves.
Chiral objects (spinners) can rotate via self-generated wavefields.
Interactions between multiple spinners are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the synchronized rotation of two cochiral spinners.
Determine the influence of spacing and initial conditions on spinner synchronization.
Model the hydrodynamic interactions between spinners.

Main Methods:

Experimental setup with two cochiral spinners on a vibrating liquid bath.
Observation of spinner rotation, synchronization, and phase locking.
Development of a hydrodynamic wave model to simulate spinner interactions.

Main Results:

Identical spinners synchronize rotation, with phase difference dependent on spacing and initial conditions.
Strong coupling can lead to cessation of rotation for identical spinners.
Nonidentical spinners can synchronize if their intrinsic differences are small.
The hydrodynamic model accurately reproduces experimental observations.

Conclusions:

The collective behavior of spinners is governed by hydrodynamic wave coupling.
Spatially periodic capillary wave interactions dictate emergent synchronized states.
This study provides a framework for understanding multi-object hydrodynamic synchronization.