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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Published on: November 9, 2018

An Abbreviated Rabbit Knee Model of Joint Contracture.

Kareme D Alder¹, Mason F Carstens¹, Cole E Bothun¹

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods

|April 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new 3-month rabbit knee contracture model shows promise but is less stiff than the 6-month gold standard. The established 6-month model remains best for arthrofibrosis assessment.

Keywords:

arthrofibrosis joint capsule knee joint posttraumatic joint contracture rabbit model

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Last Updated: May 11, 2025

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Published on: November 9, 2018

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Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Biomedical Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Knee joint contractures are often studied using a 6-month rabbit model.
This established model is effective but requires significant time and resources.
Developing an abbreviated model could offer a more efficient alternative for research.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an abbreviated 3-month rabbit model for knee contractures.
To compare the efficacy of this abbreviated model against the traditional 6-month model.
To assess key biomechanical parameters in both models.

Main Methods:

Twenty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups: a 3-month abbreviated model (4 weeks immobilization, 8 weeks remobilization) and a 6-month standard model (8 weeks immobilization, 16 weeks remobilization).
Passive extension angles (PEA), contracture angles (CA), and posterior capsular stiffness were measured.
Biomechanical testing was performed at sacrifice to evaluate joint stiffness.

Main Results:

The 3-month model demonstrated increased PEAs and decreased CAs compared to the 6-month model.
Posterior capsules in the 3-month model were significantly stiffer than contralateral limbs but less stiff than the 6-month model.
Biomechanical analysis confirmed differences in stiffness between the two models.

Conclusions:

The 6-month rabbit knee model remains the gold standard for arthrofibrosis assessment.
The abbreviated 3-month model shows potential utility for specific experimental conditions.
Further research may explore optimized protocols for the abbreviated model.