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Autonomy aweigh: Evaluation metrics and supporting seafarers' basic psychological needs in energy-efficient route
Mourad Zoubir1, Marthe Gruner1, Jan Heidinger1
1University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Applied Ergonomics
|April 18, 2025
Summary
Decision support systems aid maritime energy efficiency, but human-centered design is key. Evaluating autonomy in these systems requires more than standard metrics for better human-machine cooperation.
Area of Science:
- Maritime Operations
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Sustainable Shipping
Background:
- Maritime industry faces pressure for CO2e emission reductions.
- Decision support systems (DSS) offer potential for energy-efficient operations.
- Industry 5.0 emphasizes human-machine cooperation and psychological needs like autonomy.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate metrics for route-planning DSS and adaptation features.
- Explore how DSS usage supports seafarer autonomy.
- Develop design guidelines for human-centered DSS in maritime energy efficiency.
Main Methods:
- Conducted simulator studies with 48 experienced seafarers.
- Performed online studies with 20 experienced seafarers.
- Utilized thematic analysis of interviews to explore autonomy aspects.
Main Results:
- Classical human-machine interaction (HCI) metrics were insufficient to evaluate the adaptation feature.
- Seafarers highlighted algorithm comprehensiveness, usability, user empowerment, and collaborative workflows as crucial for autonomy.
- Seafarers preferred automated data acquisition/analysis but retained human decision-making for route planning.
Conclusions:
- Current HCI metrics do not fully capture the human-centered potential of maritime DSS.
- Designing DSS that support seafarer autonomy is vital for energy-efficient route planning.
- Guidelines are needed to enhance autonomy satisfaction and align DSS with Industry 5.0 principles.
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