Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

2.9K
The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
2.9K
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

2.8K
The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
2.8K
Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

15.0K
Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
15.0K
Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

2.8K
Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been...
2.8K
The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

3.8K
The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
3.8K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

2.2K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Active Solids: Topological Defect Self-Propulsion Without Flow.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

FROG: a new people detection dataset for knee-high 2D range finders.

Frontiers in robotics and AI·2025
Same author

Magic Sizes Enable Minimal-Complexity High-Fidelity Assembly of Programmable Shells.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Computer Simulations Show That Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Enhances Self-Assembly.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Interface Dynamics of Wet Active Systems.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

The 2025 motile active matter roadmap.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
07:38

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

8.4K

Active Fluids Form System-Spanning Filamentary Networks.

Paarth Gulati1, Fernando Caballero2, M Cristina Marchetti1,3

  • 1University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active liquid crystals exhibit unique phase separation behaviors. This study reveals how active flows alter phase boundaries and create novel filamentous networks, offering new ways to control material interfaces.

More Related Videos

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.8K
Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
08:02

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2025

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
07:38

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

8.4K
DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
08:00

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

6.8K
Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles
08:02

Using Microfluidics and Fluorescence Microscopy to Study the Assembly Dynamics of Single Actin Filaments and Bundles

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Active matter systems
  • Liquid crystal dynamics

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation is common in biological and soft matter systems.
  • Active liquid crystals exhibit complex behaviors due to self-propelled motion.
  • Interactions between phase separation and active flows are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between phase separation and active flows in active liquid crystals.
  • To analytically derive the effects of activity on phase boundaries.
  • To characterize the emergent morphologies in active-passive fluid mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Continuum theory modeling
  • Analytical derivation of phase boundary shifts
  • Morphological analysis of phase-separated states

Main Results:

  • Activity suppresses the phase boundary of the coexistence region due to a balance between active flows and diffusive fluxes.
  • A novel mixed active phase emerges, characterized by a dynamic filamentous network.
  • This filamentous network traps passive fluid droplets and exists even at low active material concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The balance between self-stirring active flows and diffusive fluxes dictates phase separation in active liquid crystals.
  • Activity provides a mechanism to control interfacial morphology, leading to new material structures.
  • This research offers insights into manipulating interfaces using active components.